{"Id":"54af50e5-c964-485a-9b15-d5411971a425","Tags":["6c8a.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Michael Haag","Created":"2026-04-17","MitreID":"T1068","Category":"vulnerable driver","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create 6c8a binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\6c8a.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start 6c8a","Description":"6c8a.sys is a vulnerable kernel driver from the KeServiceDescriptorTable/vulnerable-drivers repository. The driver exposes dangerous kernel primitives to usermode.","Usecase":"Elevate privileges","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10"},"Resources":["https://github.com/magicsword-io/LOLDrivers/issues/325","https://github.com/KeServiceDescriptorTable/vulnerable-drivers"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"","Handle":"@rainbowdynamix, @DbgPrint"},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"6c8a.sys","MD5":"7039952d33cbef5d5b818a42d83b3cd2","SHA1":"9f390c92c2a268e05a0eceb195f396499ff4514a","SHA256":"8fc5300027547e0eb446239c2a2b95016a9cd25816576407c64389ad12676c8a","Signature":"","Date":"","Publisher":"","Company":"","Description":"","Product":"","ProductVersion":"","FileVersion":"","MachineType":"AMD64","OriginalFilename":"","Authentihash":{"MD5":"2368d70c7cf869566b9fe49a5e1254ce","SHA1":"ab9695b3ecf873d4d3cb63ed9fc67410df037b48","SHA256":"5a84dcef471a265c712cc488aac278cbbfb29f9188db9a9335c2e870afb7c123"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"46fc4f451181e0accfcfac07fcb9018d","SHA1":"9136c078dc7696be409ec7b8b661cb2b929fa7a9","SHA256":"21dac327fcbac4816c65a669be86db51b6e775350b4a797486638ef087e361ad"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.268673252062475,"Virtual Size":"0x1606"},".rdata":{"Entropy":4.359928116068998,"Virtual Size":"0x214"},".data":{"Entropy":0.39234506256522045,"Virtual Size":"0x178"},".pdata":{"Entropy":3.4659992417993104,"Virtual Size":"0x9c"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.142000901499599,"Virtual Size":"0x44e"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2011-09-30 01:59:54","InternalName":"","Copyright":"","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["ExAllocatePoolWithTag","IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest","IoDeleteSymbolicLink","ExFreePoolWithTag","RtlAnsiStringToUnicodeString","MmMapLockedPages","_wcsnicmp","RtlInitUnicodeString","IoDeleteDevice","KeInitializeEvent","RtlInitString","RtlFreeUnicodeString","ObQueryNameString","IoDriverObjectType","ExAllocatePool","ExInterlockedInsertTailList","IofCompleteRequest","KeWaitForSingleObject","IoCreateSymbolicLink","ObReferenceObjectByName","IoCreateDevice","IofCallDriver","MmFreeContiguousMemorySpecifyCache","IoBuildSynchronousFsdRequest","MmUnmapIoSpace","MmGetPhysicalAddress","MmMapIoSpace","MmAllocateContiguousMemorySpecifyCache","KeBugCheckEx"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., CN=VeriSign Time Stamping Services Signer , G2","ValidFrom":"2007-06-15 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2012-06-14 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"3825d7faf861af9ef490e726b5d65ad5","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Intermediate","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"d6c7684e9aaa508cf268335f83afe040","SHA1":"18066d20ad92409c567cdfde745279ff71c75226","SHA256":"a612fb22ce8be6dab75e47c98508f98496583e79c9c97b936a8caee9ea9f3fff","SHA384":"35c249d6ad0261a6229b2a727067ac6ba32a5d24b30b9249051f748c7735fbe2ec2ef26a702c50df1790fbe32a65aee7"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., CN=VeriSign Time Stamping Services CA","ValidFrom":"2003-12-04 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2013-12-03 23:59:59","Signature":"4a6bf9ea58c2441c318979992b96bf82ac01d61c4ccdb08a586edf0829a35ec8ca9313e704520def47272f0038b0e4c9934e9ad4226215f73f37214f703180f18b3887b3e8e89700fecf55964e24d2a9274e7aaeb76141f32acee7c9d95eddbb2b853eb59db5d9e157ffbeb4c57ef5cf0c9ef097fe2bd33b521b1b3827f73f4a","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"47bf1995df8d524643f7db6d480d31a4","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"518d2ea8a21e879c942d504824ac211c","SHA1":"21ce87d827077e61abddf2beba69fde5432ea031","SHA256":"1ec3b4f02e03930a470020e0e48d24b84678bb558f46182888d870541f5e25c7","SHA384":"53e346bbde23779a5d116cc9d86fdd71c97b1f1b343439f8a11aa1d3c87af63864bb8488a5aeb2d0c26a6a1e0b15f03f"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority , G5","ValidFrom":"2006-11-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2021-11-07 23:59:59","Signature":"1302ddf8e88600f25af8f8200c59886207cecef74ef9bb59a198e5e138dd4ebc6618d3adeb18f20dc96d3e4a9420c33cbabd6554c6af44b310ad2c6b3eabd707b6b88163c5f95e2ee52a67cecd330c2ad7895603231fb3bee83a0859b4ec4535f78a5bff66cf50afc66d578d1978b7b9a2d157ea1f9a4bafbac98e127ec6bdff","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"250ce8e030612e9f2b89f7054d7cf8fd","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"918d9eb6a6cd36c531eceb926170a7e1","SHA1":"0ae95700d65e6f59715aa47048993ca7858e676a","SHA256":"47c46e6eaa3780eace3d0d891346cd373359d246b21a957219dbab4c8f37c166","SHA384":"e54017c93ba52f012cc15aeb3bcbce1e90a0006ff8dca231a24fc572926770f63213343f538003407bed3463fa9c4a85"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority","ValidFrom":"2006-05-23 17:01:29","ValidTo":"2016-05-23 17:11:29","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"610c120600000000001b","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"53c41bc1164e09e0cd1617a5bf913efd","SHA1":"93c03aac8951d494ecd5696b1c08658541b18727","SHA256":"40bddadac24dc61ca4fb5cab2a2bc5d876bc36808311039a7a3e1a4066f7489b","SHA384":"f51d4e75ba638f7314cd59b8d6d45f3b34d35ce6986e9d205cd6f333e8e8d8e9c91f636e6bc84731b6661673f40963d8"}},{"Subject":"C=US, ST=California, L=Milpitas, O=Phoenix Technologies Ltd., OU=Digital ID Class 3 , Microsoft Software Validation v2, OU=CSS Core Features Development, CN=Phoenix Technologies Ltd.","ValidFrom":"2010-12-09 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2012-01-06 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"6e4d187717fb6daf7655d91ce7b6a028","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"33260b771ca7e0759c3e4bb889f8d731","SHA1":"9595cfebdab1dfc33088f2941454284d0c4740ba","SHA256":"b22147b2ccbf6a8dea4f20ca4babca1083e86bc879d9a7b072eaff82512ed2b7","SHA384":"90c7673bd8adf1edc3d3f7fcbe8b2e4e2f4675a9374a1f434f2004cc07e7bcd571f7a7a03f0b59aab48250a760e25b43"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","ValidFrom":"2010-02-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-02-07 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"5200e5aa2556fc1a86ed96c9d44b33c7","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"b30c31a572b0409383ed3fbe17e56e81","SHA1":"4843a82ed3b1f2bfbee9671960e1940c942f688d","SHA256":"03cda47a6e654ed85d932714fc09ce4874600eda29ec6628cfbaeb155cab78c9","SHA384":"bbda8407c4f9fc4e54d772f1c7fb9d30bc97e1f97ecd51c443063d1fa0644e266328781776cd5c44896c457c75f4d7da"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"6e4d187717fb6daf7655d91ce7b6a028","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","Version":1}]}],"LoadsDespiteHVCI":"FALSE","Imphash":"a8633e68c2ad9f3dc83775d8d5b21c5b"}]}