{"Id":"5cbb1918-f7ac-4de8-b334-0bb4824a516b","Tags":["rksafe.sys"],"Author":"Michael Haag","Created":"2026-09-08","MitreID":"T1014","Category":"malicious","Verified":"TRUE","Commands":{"Command":"","Description":"Nextron Systems identifies this rksafe sample as a rootkit with input interception, anti-debugging, minifilter callbacks, and process protection. Static analysis confirms cross-process memory read/write routines, minifilter registration with a communication port, process and thread object callbacks, and logic that clears KdDebuggerEnabled. Input interception and successful runtime protection effects were not independently tested.","Usecase":"Read and modify process memory and interfere with kernel debugging.","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows x64"},"Resources":["https://github.com/NextronSystems/iocs/blob/89038fb97602153f20dadb9ba7e9fcaeac9af148/reports/whql-signed/readme.md"],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"Nextron Systems Research","Handle":"@nextronresearch"},"Detection":[],"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"rksafe.sys","MD5":"76d36fee8ee297ab69b4cfce2cd4ac52","SHA1":"8f6391cc23e039b0db4601ea1f67da4c77998414","SHA256":"81fbcacbc28001909391dbdafd9854ca997befa38dee4f2d9e8fbdbd00bc3723","Imphash":"92769171fb6a4a5813e670c2030965c6","Authentihash":{"MD5":"ae42b2365f79217217dd36a1bd07617a","SHA1":"097da8ddf813a15c907f6159cb1e7dc3378cce19","SHA256":"bd97725f80debb250a388a6656c7bf79ac0c3c9eed6ce00705d9677f413dd843"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"cafee670f1692174d4f920d8f6a18b8b","SHA1":"30093b11d9d60004021a7c3a80e44b9b34e9dca1","SHA256":"8424e9e485b6d4f723d3890a84008c9dbfc675707f16ca55f3181ce39e254ee4"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.3042754195238055,"Virtual Size":"0xd3cc"},".rdata":{"Entropy":4.784217801576942,"Virtual Size":"0x4174"},".data":{"Entropy":3.120790380555236,"Virtual Size":"0xc68"},".pdata":{"Entropy":4.982903364507088,"Virtual Size":"0x117c"},"PAGE":{"Entropy":6.0997147857535285,"Virtual Size":"0x800"},"INIT":{"Entropy":6.016346672770559,"Virtual Size":"0x1962"},".reloc":{"Entropy":5.11372891985457,"Virtual Size":"0x1e0"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2025-07-25 01:41:57","Description":"","Company":"","InternalName":"","OriginalFilename":"","FileVersion":"","Product":"","ProductVersion":"","Copyright":"","MachineType":"AMD64","Imports":["FLTMGR.SYS","ntoskrnl.exe","WDFLDR.SYS"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["FltCloseCommunicationPort","FltGetRequestorProcessId","FltSendMessage","FltRegisterFilter","FltUnregisterFilter","FltStartFiltering","FltGetFileNameInformation","FltReleaseFileNameInformation","FltParseFileNameInformation","FltCreateCommunicationPort","FltFreeSecurityDescriptor","FltCloseClientPort","FltBuildDefaultSecurityDescriptor","PsGetProcessId","NtClose","KeStackAttachProcess","KeUnstackDetachProcess","PsLookupProcessByProcessId","ObOpenObjectByPointer","PsProcessType","KeDelayExecutionThread","PsCreateSystemThread","PsTerminateSystemThread","KdDebuggerEnabled","RtlCompareUnicodeString","strlen","RtlInitUnicodeString","MmGetSystemRoutineAddress","wcslen","IoDriverObjectType","KeDeregisterNmiCallback","PsGetCurrentThreadId","IoGetCurrentProcess","ObRegisterCallbacks","ObUnRegisterCallbacks","PsThreadType","KeInitializeMutex","KeReleaseMutex","KeWaitForSingleObject","PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx","ExQueryDepthSList","ExpInterlockedPopEntrySList","ExpInterlockedPushEntrySList","RtlGetVersion","ExCreateCallback","ExNotifyCallback","PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutineEx","PsRemoveCreateThreadNotifyRoutine","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","RtlInitializeGenericTableAvl","RtlInsertElementGenericTableAvl","RtlDeleteElementGenericTableAvl","RtlLookupElementGenericTableAvl","RtlEnumerateGenericTableAvl","RtlGetElementGenericTableAvl","RtlNumberGenericTableElementsAvl","MmMapViewInSystemSpace","MmUnmapViewInSystemSpace","RtlInitUnicodeStringEx","RtlImageNtHeader","RtlFindExportedRoutineByName","RtlPcToFileHeader","MmSectionObjectType","ExInitializeResourceLite","ExEnterCriticalRegionAndAcquireResourceShared","ExEnterCriticalRegionAndAcquireResourceExclusive","ExReleaseResourceAndLeaveCriticalRegion","ExDeleteResourceLite","ExAcquireSpinLockShared","ExReleaseSpinLockShared","ObfDereferenceObject","ExReleaseSpinLockExclusive","RtlRaiseException","RtlFreeUnicodeString","ExInitializeRundownProtection","ExWaitForRundownProtectionRelease","RtlDuplicateUnicodeString","RtlEqualUnicodeString","KeInitializeEvent","KeSetEvent","ExQueueWorkItem","IoQueueWorkItemEx","IoSizeofWorkItem","IoInitializeWorkItem","PsLoadedModuleList","PsLoadedModuleResource","RtlImageDirectoryEntryToData","RtlInitializeBitMap","RtlFindClearBitsAndSet","RtlClearBits","RtlAreBitsSet","_local_unwind","RtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb","ExSystemExceptionFilter","ExInitializeLookasideListEx","ExDeleteLookasideListEx","ExRegisterCallback","ExUnregisterCallback","PsGetCurrentProcessId","InitializeSListHead","RtlUnwindEx","strcpy_s","IoGetStackLimits","MmIsAddressValid","RtlCopyUnicodeString","DbgPrintEx","KeEnterCriticalRegion","KeLeaveCriticalRegion","ExAcquireResourceExclusiveLite","ExReleaseResourceLite","ExIsProcessorFeaturePresent","ProbeForWrite","ProbeForRead","ExFreePoolWithTag","ExAllocatePoolWithTag","ExAcquireSpinLockExclusive","WdfVersionUnbindClass","WdfVersionBind","WdfVersionBindClass","WdfVersionUnbind","WdfLdrQueryInterface"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, ST=Washington, L=Redmond, O=Microsoft Corporation, CN=Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher","ValidFrom":"2024-10-10 19:04:52","ValidTo":"2025-10-08 19:04:52","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.11","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"330000006daa072f958218c9e300000000006d","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"4320213204f73b9d506bbcbb35111c2d","SHA1":"d3cbbc8331d4d84555a6726d48dfd9571738bd25","SHA256":"fe99f47e601d6b8ab1e89961000f680bf3b0e0629a8a59864e76f135e0c89699","SHA384":"e0a64b97e2ac3d56d42b593fccee2d0e80fc626b8161f60a36a2adef8fe94c7c06c7509816d1c2211400626fc1fc63c7"}},{"Subject":"C=US, ST=Washington, L=Redmond, O=Microsoft Corporation, CN=Microsoft Windows Third Party Component CA 2014","ValidFrom":"2014-10-15 20:31:27","ValidTo":"2029-10-15 20:41:27","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.11","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"330000000d690d5d7893d076df00000000000d","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"83f69422963f11c3c340b81712eef319","SHA1":"0c5e5f24590b53bc291e28583acb78e5adc95601","SHA256":"d8be9e4d9074088ef818bc6f6fb64955e90378b2754155126feebbbd969cf0ae","SHA384":"260ad59ba706420f68ba212931153bd89f760c464b21be55fba9d014fff322407859d4ebfb78ea9a3330f60dc9821a63"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"330000006daa072f958218c9e300000000006d","Issuer":"C=US, ST=Washington, L=Redmond, O=Microsoft Corporation, CN=Microsoft Windows Third Party Component CA 2014","Version":1}]}]}]}