{"Id":"837ad058-65f4-4b75-8f21-b842e48db8a5","Tags":["nvaudio.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Takahiro Haruyama","Created":"2023-11-02","MitreID":"T1068","Category":"vulnerable driver","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create nvaudiosys binPath= C:\\windows\\temp\\nvaudiosys.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start nvaudiosys","Description":"The Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit (TAU) discovered 34 unique vulnerable drivers (237 file hashes) accepting firmware access. Six allow kernel memory access. All give full control of the devices to non-admin users. By exploiting the vulnerable drivers, an attacker without the system privilege may erase/alter firmware, and/or elevate privileges. As of the time of writing in October 2023, the filenames of the vulnerable drivers have not been made public until now.","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10","Privileges":"kernel","Usecase":"Elevate privileges"},"Resources":["https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2023/10/hunting-vulnerable-kernel-drivers.html"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Handle":"","Person":""},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Company":"NVidia Corp.","Date":"","Description":"NVidia System Utility Driver","FileVersion":"7.00.00","Filename":"","MD5":"b2600502a5b962b8cdfac2ead24b17b4","MachineType":"AMD64","OriginalFilename":"nvoclock.sys","Product":"NVidia System Utility Driver","ProductVersion":"7.00.00","Publisher":"","SHA1":"bda102afbc60f3f3c5bcbd5390ffbbbb89170b9c","SHA256":"b0dcdbdc62949c981c4fc04ccea64be008676d23506fc05637d9686151a4b77f","Signature":"","Imphash":"f475387e3959dbea86854d61602db136","Authentihash":{"MD5":"8b46a9553a2d586084c114be70b5367f","SHA1":"0fb1d0ef14ab73fcb4c62043859064cc5f9f88c2","SHA256":"6b3196a346973837242d92f3a0ff7bdc2485075d51de0b53650e4ef7348c7a83"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"467ab399e8e2dbd4eadb35a620251e79","SHA1":"0a8aa46f42c40afd85a5efd219c4c2e8af6f95f9","SHA256":"107c7240faa51c5bf254f4f1adeefb93f49fa233a36c38cb5406a5c3a1cdbabe"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.009503444874845,"Virtual Size":"0x252a"},".rdata":{"Entropy":7.960602550565364,"Virtual Size":"0x4400"},".data":{"Entropy":1.4126878900165245,"Virtual Size":"0x20"},".pdata":{"Entropy":3.8179099735453104,"Virtual Size":"0x168"},"PAGE":{"Entropy":6.131698232777024,"Virtual Size":"0x1313"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.304993358451985,"Virtual Size":"0x4e0"},".rsrc":{"Entropy":3.248372667410239,"Virtual Size":"0x388"},".reloc":{"Entropy":1.0689156580850052,"Virtual Size":"0x24"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2010-06-24 11:29:58","InternalName":"nvoclock.sys","Copyright":"Copyright ©NVIDIA Corp. 2003-2004","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["ExAllocatePoolWithTag","DbgPrint","IoDeleteDevice","IoDeleteSymbolicLink","RtlInitUnicodeString","ExFreePoolWithTag","MmUnmapIoSpace","IoFreeMdl","MmUnmapLockedPages","PoCallDriver","IofCompleteRequest","PoStartNextPowerIrp","KeSetSystemAffinityThread","KeQueryActiveProcessors","KeDelayExecutionThread","MmMapIoSpace","__C_specific_handler","ObfDereferenceObject","KeSetEvent","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","ExEventObjectType","MmGetPhysicalAddress","MmMapLockedPages","MmBuildMdlForNonPagedPool","IoAllocateMdl","KeWaitForSingleObject","IofCallDriver","IoBuildSynchronousFsdRequest","KeInitializeEvent","IoGetDeviceObjectPointer","IoGetDeviceInterfaces","IoCreateSymbolicLink","IoCreateDevice"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., CN=VeriSign Time Stamping Services Signer , G2","ValidFrom":"2007-06-15 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2012-06-14 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"3825d7faf861af9ef490e726b5d65ad5","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Intermediate","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"d6c7684e9aaa508cf268335f83afe040","SHA1":"18066d20ad92409c567cdfde745279ff71c75226","SHA256":"a612fb22ce8be6dab75e47c98508f98496583e79c9c97b936a8caee9ea9f3fff","SHA384":"35c249d6ad0261a6229b2a727067ac6ba32a5d24b30b9249051f748c7735fbe2ec2ef26a702c50df1790fbe32a65aee7"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., CN=VeriSign Time Stamping Services CA","ValidFrom":"2003-12-04 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2013-12-03 23:59:59","Signature":"4a6bf9ea58c2441c318979992b96bf82ac01d61c4ccdb08a586edf0829a35ec8ca9313e704520def47272f0038b0e4c9934e9ad4226215f73f37214f703180f18b3887b3e8e89700fecf55964e24d2a9274e7aaeb76141f32acee7c9d95eddbb2b853eb59db5d9e157ffbeb4c57ef5cf0c9ef097fe2bd33b521b1b3827f73f4a","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"47bf1995df8d524643f7db6d480d31a4","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"518d2ea8a21e879c942d504824ac211c","SHA1":"21ce87d827077e61abddf2beba69fde5432ea031","SHA256":"1ec3b4f02e03930a470020e0e48d24b84678bb558f46182888d870541f5e25c7","SHA384":"53e346bbde23779a5d116cc9d86fdd71c97b1f1b343439f8a11aa1d3c87af63864bb8488a5aeb2d0c26a6a1e0b15f03f"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)09, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2009,2 CA","ValidFrom":"2009-05-21 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2019-05-20 23:59:59","Signature":"8b03c0dd94d841a26169b015a878c730c6903c7e42f724b6e4837317047f04109ca1e2fa812febc0ca44e772e050b6551020836e9692e49a516ab43731dca52deb8c00c71d4fe74d32ba85f84ebefa675565f06abe7aca64381a101078457631f3867a030f60c2b35d9df68b6676821b59e183e5bd49a53856e5de41770e580f","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"655226e1b22e18e1590f2985ac22e75c","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"650704c342850095f3288eaf791147d4","SHA1":"4cdc38c800761463749c3cbd94a12f32e49877bf","SHA256":"07b8f662558ec85b71b43a79c6e94698144f4ced2308af21e7ba1e5d461da214","SHA384":"2a271d052213438467d09d60eaa4010c8642fff3eb0070e0cf9969428713c8fdc066b90996d594dd3136f5bd0af5a22a"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority","ValidFrom":"2006-05-23 17:01:29","ValidTo":"2016-05-23 17:11:29","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"610c120600000000001b","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Intermediate","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"53c41bc1164e09e0cd1617a5bf913efd","SHA1":"93c03aac8951d494ecd5696b1c08658541b18727","SHA256":"40bddadac24dc61ca4fb5cab2a2bc5d876bc36808311039a7a3e1a4066f7489b","SHA384":"f51d4e75ba638f7314cd59b8d6d45f3b34d35ce6986e9d205cd6f333e8e8d8e9c91f636e6bc84731b6661673f40963d8"}},{"Subject":"C=US, ST=California, L=Santa Clara, O=NVIDIA Corporation, OU=Digital ID Class 3 , Microsoft Software Validation v2, OU=Software, CN=NVIDIA Corporation","ValidFrom":"2009-07-31 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2011-09-01 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"534abed0be56d9840dd12ddb84f8b031","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"4914c1d2c944d48a9636059155440df8","SHA1":"0337264fca5a8d774786b5b275e03ab42edb11ae","SHA256":"8833131f04e02297c80b986ec7e7793e194fb144470dc36cc57a376487c2750b","SHA384":"8450d31af22887ac50415c01d88f7eb6081b7044ab8f35ac0b63e09828786258e73fed98f37c99df6d5472b6a34f6db3"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"534abed0be56d9840dd12ddb84f8b031","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)09, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2009,2 CA","Version":1}]}],"LoadsDespiteHVCI":"FALSE"}]}