{"Id":"87593c63-9e3e-4d09-aa47-94bca0783396","Tags":["reddriver.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Michael Haag","Created":"2023-07-12","MitreID":"T1068","Category":"malicious","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create reddriver.sys binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\reddriver.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start reddriver.sys","Description":"Cisco Talos has identified multiple versions of an undocumented malicious driver named “RedDriver,” a driver-based browser hijacker that uses the Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) to intercept browser traffic. RedDriver has been active since at least 2021.\nRedDriver utilizes HookSignTool to forge its signature timestamp to bypass Windows driver-signing policies.\nCode from multiple open-source tools has been used in the development of RedDriver's infection chain, including HP-Socket and a custom implementation of ReflectiveLoader.\nThe authors of RedDriver appear to be skilled in driver development and have deep knowledge of the Windows operating system.\nThis threat appears to target native Chinese speakers, as it searches for Chinese language browsers to hijack. Additionally, the authors are likely Chinese speakers themselves.","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10","Privileges":"kernel","Usecase":"Elevate privileges"},"Resources":["https://blog.talosintelligence.com/undocumented-reddriver/"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Handle":"","Person":""},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Authentihash":{"MD5":"83a03ceabf6f3e51d5f5016cbea4759d","SHA1":"e341a86e685c120f023bc2f313e220a6934f8767","SHA256":"7aa067d928404795b4eb9c169639f23997227504ca4eb7b5b21518e6155abd47"},"Company":"","Copyright":"","CreationTimestamp":"2023-04-09 21:09:40","Date":"","Description":"","ExportedFunctions":"","FileVersion":"","Filename":"","ImportedFunctions":["RtlCompareMemory","ExAllocatePool","ExFreePoolWithTag","CmRegisterCallback","PsCreateSystemThread","ZwClose","MmIsAddressValid","PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine","PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine","PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine","__C_specific_handler","RtlInitUnicodeString","IofCompleteRequest","IoCreateDevice","IoCreateSymbolicLink","IoDeleteDevice","ObfDereferenceObject","PsGetCurrentProcessId","ZwOpenProcess","PsLookupProcessByProcessId","ZwWaitForSingleObject","PsReferenceProcessFilePointer","RtlCompareUnicodeStrings","KeEnterCriticalRegion","KeLeaveCriticalRegion","KeWaitForSingleObject","ExQueryDepthSList","ExpInterlockedPopEntrySList","ExpInterlockedPushEntrySList","ExInitializeNPagedLookasideList","ExInitializeResourceLite","ExAcquireResourceSharedLite","ExAcquireResourceExclusiveLite","ExReleaseResourceLite","PsTerminateSystemThread","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","KeStackAttachProcess","KeUnstackDetachProcess","PsGetProcessWow64Process","PsGetProcessImageFileName","ZwCreateFile","ZwQueryInformationFile","ZwReadFile","ExAllocatePoolWithTag","MmGetSystemRoutineAddress","IoGetCurrentProcess","PsGetProcessId","PsProcessType","PsGetProcessPeb","RtlInitAnsiString","RtlAnsiStringToUnicodeString","RtlFreeUnicodeString","_vsnprintf","_vsnwprintf","RtlGetVersion","KeInitializeEvent","KeQueryTimeIncrement","RtlRandomEx","ZwSetInformationFile","ZwWriteFile","IoFileObjectType","ZwTerminateProcess","KeBugCheckEx","RtlCopyUnicodeString","_wcslwr","wcsstr","ExSystemTimeToLocalTime","RtlTimeToTimeFields","WdfVersionBindClass","WdfVersionBind","WdfVersionUnbind","WdfVersionUnbindClass"],"Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe","WDFLDR.SYS"],"InternalName":"","MD5":"cd2c641788d5d125c316ed739c69bb59","MachineType":"AMD64","MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","OriginalFilename":"","Product":"","ProductVersion":"","Publisher":"","RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"3e8b77121573e70b98f26828a7ec2cc0","SHA1":"93e009f2ef2ebc8e6f91afb0407312e379d114c1","SHA256":"6c46fc6908d6505c93eae0f2e772f203724356a3d89ae8b31d9060ee718ea32f"},"SHA1":"86e6669dbbce8228e94b2a9f86efdf528f0714fd","SHA256":"82b0e1d7a27b67f0e6dc39dc41e880bdaef5d1f69fcec38e08da2ed78e805ef9","Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.244772828250603,"Virtual Size":"0x5f44"},".rdata":{"Entropy":4.436338199019845,"Virtual Size":"0xc08"},".data":{"Entropy":5.43290923140193,"Virtual Size":"0x2c40"},".pdata":{"Entropy":4.386100622624198,"Virtual Size":"0x4f8"},".gfids":{"Entropy":0.8112781244591328,"Virtual Size":"0x4"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.167244656939951,"Virtual Size":"0x96e"},".reloc":{"Entropy":3.2341837197791876,"Virtual Size":"0x28"}},"Signature":"","Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, O=thawte, Inc., CN=thawte SHA256 Code Signing CA","ValidFrom":"2013-12-10 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2023-12-09 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.11","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"71a0b73695ddb1afc23b2b9a18ee54cb","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"8314595952398203ab24badbbc927d39","SHA1":"b07dcf73133408eee2786a208ce4b2543bf6c583","SHA256":"c734685d985b8ea13db4fc1a6dcd26aa0dde78b4c3b651ea5d58e32e081b2a41","SHA384":"874ded773c743b4e18744d7978b41cfe2e55529c61d45a0e34b3950aaad56b6c7a3780880133bcd1df3b1f86d468d46d"}},{"Subject":"C=CN, L=, O=, OU=, CN=","ValidFrom":"2018-08-15 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2019-08-15 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.11","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"0dbdf488aeaa9795e332a1ca2747af0d","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"5037c865c427f7d514ac954ef7e66ccf","SHA1":"cfcc3ebb5c9003e88373beb66781dbdf9e1904d2","SHA256":"cd684ad96d510b669c0767e4b845fb7a04fba27c1f3a0935b09a988d94938f6e","SHA384":"30bf56d04a2a54ae834ea9b111da02fe53c0c13ddd66f815aed8100bb887c6d5b299e518ba1f4abc0f2c3bb02029141b"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=thawte, Inc., OU=Certification Services Division, OU=(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=thawte Primary Root CA","ValidFrom":"2011-02-22 19:31:57","ValidTo":"2021-02-22 19:41:57","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"611fb0a400000000001d","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"a3f222107d4e1085e73b5b589c2f480b","SHA1":"b94aa26cd77c48d91a53ac44506cbd255e1d362c","SHA256":"a39ed0d6fd4eb1a6f7fed60f726e23eae668b7591bc004644625d22c701213fa","SHA384":"64b7643e4146016cbf83c911eb67e4601b6bb8d66f8ee8dcee67b815f91770d86ab23678b984430f22a963e5484881b7"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"0dbdf488aeaa9795e332a1ca2747af0d","Issuer":"C=US, O=thawte, Inc., CN=thawte SHA256 Code Signing CA","Version":1}]}],"Imphash":"e3ee9131742bf9c9d43cb9a425e497dd","LoadsDespiteHVCI":"TRUE"}]}