{"Id":"87d5ec39-482e-4e78-a003-be4b662f85fc","Author":"Kyaw Pyiyt Htet","Created":"2025-03-22","MitreID":"T1068","Category":"vulnerable driver","Verified":"TRUE","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create vsdatant binPath=C:\\Windows\\Temp\\vsdatant.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start vsdatant","Description":"Check Point ZoneAlarm driver (vsdatant.sys) abused in BYOVD attacks to gain kernel privileges and bypass protections such as Memory Integrity.","Usecase":"BYOVD (kernel) privilege escalation / defense evasion","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10"},"Resources":["https://venaksecurity.com/2025/03/20/cybercriminals-exploit-checkpoints-driver-in-a-byovd-attack/"],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"Venak Security","Handle":""},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"vsdatant.sys","MD5":"190fe0ce4d43ad8eed97aaa68827e2c6","SHA1":"f16d24ed98bcc35ecae902474abfc4820db541da","SHA256":"1c43f33573a0815c5edc5e18ba1038afdd11f55a7cd8b08ba59b8f7357117e4c","Filesize":461792,"Signature":"","Date":"","Publisher":"","Company":"Check Point, LTD","Description":"ZoneAlarm","Product":"ZoneAlarm","ProductVersion":"14.1.32.0","Authentihash":{"MD5":"d4534a5aed4e8fadbd30af524a956c38","SHA1":"a51490ec6c31de4fcdd7b5f053a1d9b58971308e","SHA256":"9b2bb2385b742eef4f614cd6b2e714444f3e983e8643e673c6f3e917618260d4"},"InternalName":"","Copyright":"","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe","HAL.dll","NDIS.SYS","fwpkclnt.sys","FLTMGR.SYS"],"Imphash":"898c18bb22258c225c07e8476efdf79e","RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"e45248c35f0c2d4c6850ee7caa8a86d6","SHA1":"a9a684a9922a6b2276d618fbc7ddd98266db70a1","SHA256":"b74a3fc8fa79e3dbf929c6ed8b66b2c330c198b27a5457ce3e9e1c993c9a43ff"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.304806026937393,"Virtual Size":"0x5c200"},".rdata":{"Entropy":5.444005160274884,"Virtual Size":"0x4ae4"},".data":{"Entropy":2.760342870132615,"Virtual Size":"0x28120"},".pdata":{"Entropy":5.720921356156087,"Virtual Size":"0x246c"},"PAGE":{"Entropy":6.2290890354471085,"Virtual Size":"0x26c7"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.629767492775658,"Virtual Size":"0x212c"},".rsrc":{"Entropy":3.3695802466506337,"Virtual Size":"0x3d0"},".reloc":{"Entropy":3.171900642111193,"Virtual Size":"0x9d6"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2016-01-07 00:00:07","OriginalFilename":"","FileVersion":"","MachineType":"AMD64","ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["ExGetPreviousMode","MmGetSystemRoutineAddress","RtlQueryRegistryValues","PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine","ZwSetValueKey","IoDetachDevice","PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine","ZwOpenSymbolicLinkObject","IoAllocateErrorLogEntry","MmUserProbeAddress","IoAttachDeviceByPointer","RtlAppendUnicodeStringToString","IofCompleteRequest","ZwOpenProcess","ObfReferenceObject","IoCreateSymbolicLink","IoCreateDevice","IofCallDriver","ZwOpenKey","isspace","_snprintf","ZwCreateEvent","_snwprintf","wcsncpy","RtlAppendUnicodeToString","RtlUnicodeStringToAnsiString","wcsncat","strncpy","ZwWaitForSingleObject","ZwQueryDirectoryFile","RtlFreeAnsiString","PsIsThreadTerminating","ZwOpenFile","wcsncmp","RtlUpcaseUnicodeChar","_wcsicmp","MmMapLockedPages","KeIsAttachedProcess","ExSystemTimeToLocalTime","RtlTimeToTimeFields","PsGetProcessId","_stricmp","ZwCreateKey","ZwQueryValueKey","ZwQueryInformationProcess","IoDeleteDevice","RtlUpcaseUnicodeString","ZwDeleteValueKey","ZwEnumerateKey","ZwQueryKey","KeClearEvent","PsProcessType","ExRaiseStatus","KeReadStateEvent","RtlCompareString","ObQueryNameString","PsThreadType","PsGetThreadProcessId","MmIsNonPagedSystemAddressValid","ObOpenObjectByPointer","vsprintf","NtWaitForSingleObject","ZwTerminateProcess","ObRegisterCallbacks","PsGetThreadId","PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx","ExInitializePagedLookasideList","CmSetCallbackObjectContext","ExInitializeResourceLite","CmRegisterCallbackEx","KeBugCheckEx","IoGetRelatedDeviceObject","ZwQuerySymbolicLinkObject","IoCreateNotificationEvent","IoRegisterShutdownNotification","IoWMIWriteEvent","IoDeleteSymbolicLink","IoWriteErrorLogEntry","IoWMIRegistrationControl","RtlFreeUnicodeString","RtlInitAnsiString","ZwReadFile","RtlAnsiStringToUnicodeString","isdigit","KePulseEvent","ExDeleteNPagedLookasideList","ZwWriteFile","KeWaitForMultipleObjects","RtlCopyUnicodeString","ExInterlockedRemoveHeadList","PsGetVersion","ExQueryDepthSList","ExInterlockedInsertTailList","ExAllocatePool","ZwCreateFile","KeDelayExecutionThread","KeReleaseMutex","ZwSetInformationFile","RtlEqualUnicodeString","ExpInterlockedPopEntrySList","ZwQuerySystemInformation","ExpInterlockedPushEntrySList","KeSetPriorityThread","ExInitializeNPagedLookasideList","KeInitializeMutex","ExQueueWorkItem","KeAcquireSpinLockAtDpcLevel","KeReleaseSpinLockFromDpcLevel","RtlInitUnicodeString","DbgPrint","KeStackAttachProcess","RtlIpv6AddressToStringA","PsGetCurrentProcessId","RtlCompareMemory","KeWaitForSingleObject","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","ZwClose","_vsnprintf","IoAllocateWorkItem","PsTerminateSystemThread","PsCreateSystemThread","isprint","KeUnstackDetachProcess","MmBuildMdlForNonPagedPool","RtlIpv4AddressToStringA","KeIsExecutingDpc","KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock","KeInitializeEvent","IoFreeWorkItem","KeSetEvent","IoQueueWorkItemEx","PsLookupProcessByProcessId","KeReleaseInStackQueuedSpinLock","ExFreePoolWithTag","ExAllocatePoolWithTag","sprintf","KeAcquireSpinLockRaiseToDpc","IoAllocateMdl","PsLookupThreadByThreadId","ObfDereferenceObject","MmIsAddressValid","MmUnlockPages","PsGetCurrentThreadId","MmProbeAndLockPages","IoGetCurrentProcess","MmMapLockedPagesSpecifyCache","IoFreeMdl","KeReleaseSpinLock","MmHighestUserAddress","ExAcquireFastMutex","ExReleaseFastMutex","MmUnmapLockedPages","__C_specific_handler","KeQueryPerformanceCounter","NdisFreeNetBufferListPool","NdisAdvanceNetBufferDataStart","NdisFreeGenericObject","NdisRetreatNetBufferDataStart","NdisAllocateNetBufferListPool","NdisAllocateGenericObject","NdisAllocateMemoryWithTagPriority","NdisFRegisterFilterDriver","NdisFreeMemory","NdisFSendNetBufferListsComplete","NdisFSetAttributes","NdisFIndicateStatus","NdisFReturnNetBufferLists","NdisFIndicateReceiveNetBufferLists","NdisFSendNetBufferLists","NdisFreeNetBufferList","NdisAllocateNetBufferAndNetBufferList","NdisFreePacket","NdisAllocatePacket","NdisGetVersion","NdisFreePacketPool","NdisAllocatePacketPool","NdisUnchainBufferAtFront","NdisOpenAdapter","NdisAllocateBufferPool","NdisRegisterProtocol","NdisAllocateMemory","NdisCloseAdapter","NdisDeregisterProtocol","NdisAllocateBuffer","NdisFreeBufferPool","FwpsFreeNetBufferList0","FwpmFilterDeleteById0","FwpsClassifyOptionSet0","FwpmEngineClose0","FwpsInjectTransportSendAsync0","FwpsStreamInjectAsync0","FwpmFilterAdd0","FwpsPendOperation0","FwpsCompleteOperation0","FwpmEngineOpen0","FwpsCalloutRegister0","FwpsReferenceNetBufferList0","FwpmBfeStateGet0","FwpmProviderAdd0","FwpmBfeStateSubscribeChanges0","FwpsAllocateCloneNetBufferList0","FwpsDereferenceNetBufferList0","FwpmCalloutAdd0","FwpsCopyStreamDataToBuffer0","FwpsInjectTransportReceiveAsync0","FwpsInjectionHandleCreate0","FwpsAllocateNetBufferAndNetBufferList0","FwpsCloneStreamData0","FwpsInjectionHandleDestroy0","FwpmSubLayerDeleteByKey0","FwpmCalloutDeleteById0","FwpsQueryPacketInjectionState0","FwpsFreeCloneNetBufferList0","FwpmSubLayerAdd0","FwpsStreamContinue0","FwpsFlowAssociateContext0","FltRegisterFilter","FltUnregisterFilter","FltGetFileNameInformation","FltClose","FltCreateFile","FltParseFileNameInformation","FltReleaseFileNameInformation","FltGetFileNameInformationUnsafe","FltStartFiltering"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, O=Symantec Corporation, CN=Symantec Time Stamping Services CA , G2","ValidFrom":"2012-12-21 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-12-30 23:59:59","Signature":"03099b8f79ef7f5930aaef68b5fae3091dbb4f82065d375fa6529f168dea1c9209446ef56deb587c30e8f9698d23730b126f47a9ae3911f82ab19bb01ac38eeb599600adce0c4db2d031a6085c2a7afce27a1d574ca86518e979406225966ec7c7376a8321088e41eaddd9573f1d7749872a16065ea6386a2212a35119837eb6","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"7e93ebfb7cc64e59ea4b9a77d406fc3b","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"d0785ad36e427c92b19f6826ab1e8020","SHA1":"365b7a9c21bd9373e49052c3e7b3e4646ddd4d43","SHA256":"c2abb7484da91a658548de089d52436175fdb760a1387d225611dc0613a1e2ff","SHA384":"eab4fe5ef90e0de4a6aa3a27769a5e879f588df5e4785aa4104debd1f81e19ea56d33e3a16e5facf99f68b5d8e3d287b"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=Symantec Corporation, CN=Symantec Time Stamping Services Signer , G4","ValidFrom":"2012-10-18 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-12-29 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"0ecff438c8febf356e04d86a981b1a50","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"e9d38360b914c8863f6cba3ee58764d3","SHA1":"4cba8eae47b6bf76f20b3504b98b8f062694a89b","SHA256":"88901d86a4cc1f1bb193d08e1fb63d27452e63f83e228c657ab1a92e4ade3976","SHA384":"e9f2a75334a9e336c5a4712eadee88d0374b0fdc273262f4e65c9040ad2793067cc076696db5279a478773485e285652"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority , G5","ValidFrom":"2006-11-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2021-11-07 23:59:59","Signature":"1302ddf8e88600f25af8f8200c59886207cecef74ef9bb59a198e5e138dd4ebc6618d3adeb18f20dc96d3e4a9420c33cbabd6554c6af44b310ad2c6b3eabd707b6b88163c5f95e2ee52a67cecd330c2ad7895603231fb3bee83a0859b4ec4535f78a5bff66cf50afc66d578d1978b7b9a2d157ea1f9a4bafbac98e127ec6bdff","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"250ce8e030612e9f2b89f7054d7cf8fd","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"918d9eb6a6cd36c531eceb926170a7e1","SHA1":"0ae95700d65e6f59715aa47048993ca7858e676a","SHA256":"47c46e6eaa3780eace3d0d891346cd373359d246b21a957219dbab4c8f37c166","SHA384":"e54017c93ba52f012cc15aeb3bcbce1e90a0006ff8dca231a24fc572926770f63213343f538003407bed3463fa9c4a85"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority","ValidFrom":"2006-05-23 17:01:29","ValidTo":"2016-05-23 17:11:29","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"610c120600000000001b","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"53c41bc1164e09e0cd1617a5bf913efd","SHA1":"93c03aac8951d494ecd5696b1c08658541b18727","SHA256":"40bddadac24dc61ca4fb5cab2a2bc5d876bc36808311039a7a3e1a4066f7489b","SHA384":"f51d4e75ba638f7314cd59b8d6d45f3b34d35ce6986e9d205cd6f333e8e8d8e9c91f636e6bc84731b6661673f40963d8"}},{"Subject":"C=IL, ST=Ramat,Gan, L=Ramat,Gan, O=Check Point Software Technologies Ltd., OU=Digital ID Class 3 , Microsoft Software Validation v2, CN=Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.","ValidFrom":"2014-05-12 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2017-07-10 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"47e81c30f2ca2304e8f8bc304e44ab6f","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"daf6e43b70019bdc783bd31bf3b39a03","SHA1":"fcbf8ab54eb50a40215dbbdc632534f3ac0069b8","SHA256":"0f6accc549751ea517865bd9d2c53772415f827f40e5186154a40df1b462d0f8","SHA384":"a2c6cd221373e46447accb4f8c93d8233589fa7a4858b7c3517cf53ba773125f5a8dd6f526f9e08da82a8c511cb3ba84"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","ValidFrom":"2010-02-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-02-07 23:59:59","Signature":"5622e634a4c461cb48b901ad56a8640fd98c91c4bbcc0ce5ad7aa0227fdf47384a2d6cd17f711a7cec70a9b1f04fe40f0c53fa155efe749849248581261c911447b04c638cbba134d4c645e80d85267303d0a98c646ddc7192e645056015595139fc58146bfed4a4ed796b080c4172e737220609be23e93f449a1ee9619dccb1905cfc3dd28dac423d6536d4b43d40288f9b10cf2326cc4b20cb901f5d8c4c34ca3cd8e537d66fa520bd34eb26d9ae0de7c59af7a1b42191336f86e858bb257c740e58fe751b633fce317c9b8f1b969ec55376845b9cad91faaced93ba5dc82153c2825363af120d5087111b3d5452968a2c9c3d921a089a052ec793a54891d3","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"5200e5aa2556fc1a86ed96c9d44b33c7","Version":3,"TBS":{"MD5":"b30c31a572b0409383ed3fbe17e56e81","SHA1":"4843a82ed3b1f2bfbee9671960e1940c942f688d","SHA256":"03cda47a6e654ed85d932714fc09ce4874600eda29ec6628cfbaeb155cab78c9","SHA384":"bbda8407c4f9fc4e54d772f1c7fb9d30bc97e1f97ecd51c443063d1fa0644e266328781776cd5c44896c457c75f4d7da"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"47e81c30f2ca2304e8f8bc304e44ab6f","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","Version":1}]}]}],"Tags":["vsdatant.sys"]}