{"Id":"ddefecdd-9410-46d9-8957-e23aac1aba0c","Tags":["c94f405c5929cfcccc8ad00b42c95083.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Alice Climent-Pommeret","Created":"2023-07-31","MitreID":"T1014","Category":"malicious","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create c94f405c5929cfcccc8ad00b42c95083.sys binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\c94f405c5929cfcccc8ad00b42c95083.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start c94f405c5929cfcccc8ad00b42c95083.sys","Description":"Cisco Talos has identified multiple versions of an undocumented malicious driver named “RedDriver,” a driver-based browser hijacker that uses the Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) to intercept browser traffic. RedDriver has been active since at least 2021. RedDriver utilizes HookSignTool to forge its signature timestamp to bypass Windows driver-signing policies. Code from multiple open-source tools has been used in the development of RedDriver's infection chain, including HP-Socket and a custom implementation of ReflectiveLoader. The authors of RedDriver appear to be skilled in driver development and have deep knowledge of the Windows operating system. This threat appears to target native Chinese speakers, as it searches for Chinese language browsers to hijack. Additionally, the authors are likely Chinese speakers themselves.","Usecase":"","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10"},"Resources":["https://blog.talosintelligence.com/undocumented-reddriver/"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"","Handle":""},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"","MD5":"c94f405c5929cfcccc8ad00b42c95083","SHA1":"03e82eae4d8b155e22ffdafe7ba0c4ab74e8c1a7","SHA256":"da70fa44290f949e9b3e0fcfe0503de46e82e0472e8e3c360da3fd2bfa364eee","Signature":"","Date":"","Publisher":"","Company":"","Description":"","Product":"","ProductVersion":"","FileVersion":"","MachineType":"AMD64","OriginalFilename":"","Authentihash":{"MD5":"0895b0ede1999778543eed8b8ea48fda","SHA1":"6d7cbfc4e0bb441863e6a7b4c865e05948d6390d","SHA256":"e42d8953f90e0b052adacd6c8e6cc240d723e5b4605ac897fe9667e661f9ed3c"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"ecdd5c0e8a78b145a8e5d9443ff0f2eb","SHA1":"3ed3a76d965f1b5e387959ceedc84567a2f7bca4","SHA256":"1edc4e310bd57e5c317b972f0bdb9f1f0794009b7039364dd6a879ee5f342754"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.2119592546505995,"Virtual Size":"0xc1ee"},".rdata":{"Entropy":5.110403242864534,"Virtual Size":"0xbac"},".data":{"Entropy":7.880069642714129,"Virtual Size":"0xa5490"},".pdata":{"Entropy":4.5968345164469415,"Virtual Size":"0x540"},"PAGE":{"Entropy":6.308757256393646,"Virtual Size":"0x9b5"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.268683087271941,"Virtual Size":"0xa96"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2023-07-08 14:40:11","InternalName":"","Copyright":"","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["ExAllocatePoolWithTag","ExFreePoolWithTag","IoRegisterDriverReinitialization","RtlInitUnicodeString","IoDeleteDevice","KeSetEvent","KeInitializeEvent","PsCreateSystemThread","PsTerminateSystemThread","ZwClose","IofCompleteRequest","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","KeWaitForSingleObject","PsThreadType","IoIsWdmVersionAvailable","IoCreateSymbolicLink","IoCreateDevice","ZwReadFile","IoCreateFile","ZwSetInformationFile","ZwCreateFile","ZwQueryDirectoryFile","ZwDeleteFile","ZwOpenFile","RtlImageNtHeader","ZwQueryInformationFile","ZwWriteFile","ZwSetValueKey","ZwQueryValueKey","_vsnprintf","ZwFlushKey","ZwDeleteKey","ZwOpenKey","_stricmp","ZwCreateKey","PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine","PsGetProcessImageFileName","PsLookupProcessByProcessId","MmGetSystemRoutineAddress","RtlGetVersion","FsRtlIsNameInExpression","wcsrchr","PsRemoveLoadImageNotifyRoutine","MmIsAddressValid","ObfDereferenceObject","KeUnstackDetachProcess","ObOpenObjectByPointer","KeStackAttachProcess","ZwAllocateVirtualMemory","KeClearEvent","_wcsnicmp","ObCreateObject","IoFileObjectType","IoDriverObjectType","MmMapLockedPagesSpecifyCache","IoGetCurrentProcess","_vsnwprintf","KeQueryTimeIncrement","IoGetDeviceAttachmentBaseRef","IoFreeIrp","IoAllocateIrp","RtlCompareUnicodeString","CmRegisterCallback","PsGetCurrentProcessId","RtlCopyUnicodeString","CmCallbackGetKeyObjectID","ZwEnumerateKey","strstr","KeDelayExecutionThread","ExSystemTimeToLocalTime","RtlTimeToTimeFields","RtlMultiByteToUnicodeN","IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest","IoGetRelatedDeviceObject","IoFreeMdl","IoCancelIrp","MmProbeAndLockPages","IoAllocateMdl","IofCallDriver","ZwMapViewOfSection","ExGetPreviousMode","ZwQuerySystemInformation","ZwUnmapViewOfSection","ZwCreateSection","ExFreePool","KeBugCheckEx","__C_specific_handler"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=CN, ST=Beijing, L=Beijing, O=Beijing JoinHope Image Technology Ltd., CN=Beijing JoinHope Image Technology Ltd.","ValidFrom":"2014-05-16 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2015-05-16 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"0a005d2e2bcd4137168217d8c727747c","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"4d213d99215f488050faaa39765656d1","SHA1":"0308508b5a3fcd330bbf28931f8e1a9c93c3ee69","SHA256":"ea947432de238a25fdb7892e436f4ef44f30ab16ae9e1eb914860f4808b25ef2","SHA384":"430e932514f35ed55f31f050f33bcc0b9244fd83c6d1d28ee240306e54292e93b5894ef4eb9c09bf84cdc8068c6a7230"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority , G5","ValidFrom":"2011-02-22 19:25:17","ValidTo":"2021-02-22 19:35:17","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"611993e400000000001c","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"78a717e082dcc1cda3458d917e677d14","SHA1":"4a872e0e51f9b304469cd1dedb496ee9b8b983a4","SHA256":"317fa1d234ebc49040ebc5e8746f8997471496051b185a91bdd9dfbb23fab5f8","SHA384":"b71052da4eb9157c8c1a5d7f55df19d69b9128598b72fcca608e5b7cc7d64c43c5504b9c86355a6dc22ee40c88cc385c"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","ValidFrom":"2010-02-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-02-07 23:59:59","Signature":"5622e634a4c461cb48b901ad56a8640fd98c91c4bbcc0ce5ad7aa0227fdf47384a2d6cd17f711a7cec70a9b1f04fe40f0c53fa155efe749849248581261c911447b04c638cbba134d4c645e80d85267303d0a98c646ddc7192e645056015595139fc58146bfed4a4ed796b080c4172e737220609be23e93f449a1ee9619dccb1905cfc3dd28dac423d6536d4b43d40288f9b10cf2326cc4b20cb901f5d8c4c34ca3cd8e537d66fa520bd34eb26d9ae0de7c59af7a1b42191336f86e858bb257c740e58fe751b633fce317c9b8f1b969ec55376845b9cad91faaced93ba5dc82153c2825363af120d5087111b3d5452968a2c9c3d921a089a052ec793a54891d3","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"5200e5aa2556fc1a86ed96c9d44b33c7","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"b30c31a572b0409383ed3fbe17e56e81","SHA1":"4843a82ed3b1f2bfbee9671960e1940c942f688d","SHA256":"03cda47a6e654ed85d932714fc09ce4874600eda29ec6628cfbaeb155cab78c9","SHA384":"bbda8407c4f9fc4e54d772f1c7fb9d30bc97e1f97ecd51c443063d1fa0644e266328781776cd5c44896c457c75f4d7da"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"0a005d2e2bcd4137168217d8c727747c","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","Version":1}]}],"Imphash":"be0dd8b8e045356d600ee55a64d9d197","LoadsDespiteHVCI":"TRUE"}]}