{"Id":"ec5012bb-789a-436d-be22-b343c331f7c7","Tags":["PMAD.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Michael Haag","Created":"2026-04-17","MitreID":"T1068","Category":"vulnerable driver","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create PMAD binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\PMAD.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start PMAD","Description":"PMAD.sys is a vulnerable kernel driver from the KeServiceDescriptorTable/vulnerable-drivers repository. The driver exposes dangerous kernel primitives to usermode.","Usecase":"Elevate privileges","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10"},"Resources":["https://github.com/magicsword-io/LOLDrivers/issues/325","https://github.com/KeServiceDescriptorTable/vulnerable-drivers"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"","Handle":"@rainbowdynamix, @DbgPrint"},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"PMAD.sys","MD5":"53974a34efe846f62c0a192f9673b1f9","SHA1":"ba4465ae960baf8d86be7d6fc9eb431e38eb6c78","SHA256":"37784d01f84aa4d60c8738f7a75dac1bf712941fc08ed9f32f3e89d044d9c71f","Signature":"","Date":"","Publisher":"","Company":"Catalyst Enterprises Inc.","Description":"Physical Memory Access Driver","Product":"Physical Memory Access Driver","ProductVersion":"2.1.2.5","FileVersion":"2.1.2.5","MachineType":"AMD64","OriginalFilename":"PMAD.sys","Authentihash":{"MD5":"cd32ca59ff2a598beb24b77391ef4217","SHA1":"b44c72de09962ddb66485ea890c3eeb3f1f547de","SHA256":"5a7228ccc80fc1f2760beea3603c856d64c8cae35496af7275e60d646f2671b5"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"7535c7d457b4360addda577fbd1b841f","SHA1":"679f24f270b8f36be252d33f289489e2fe2e8949","SHA256":"3915bd7d8ea06cb9275e84ef850f8398ae846ceda03f49f1d34780f20acef789"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":5.980608509002351,"Virtual Size":"0x8de"},".rdata":{"Entropy":4.306037066628287,"Virtual Size":"0x12c"},".data":{"Entropy":0.5159719988134768,"Virtual Size":"0x110"},".pdata":{"Entropy":2.880005765194814,"Virtual Size":"0x3c"},"INIT":{"Entropy":4.769768116987258,"Virtual Size":"0x20a"},".rsrc":{"Entropy":3.2964388639764057,"Virtual Size":"0x420"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2013-02-01 15:48:37","InternalName":"PMAD.sys","Copyright":"Copyright © Catalyst Enterprises Inc. 2007","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe","HAL.dll"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["IofCompleteRequest","MmUnmapIoSpace","MmMapIoSpace","RtlInitUnicodeString","IoCreateDevice","KeBugCheckEx","IoDeleteSymbolicLink","IoCreateSymbolicLink","IoDeleteDevice","HalSetBusDataByOffset","HalGetBusDataByOffset"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=US, O=Symantec Corporation, CN=Symantec Time Stamping Services CA , G2","ValidFrom":"2012-12-21 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-12-30 23:59:59","Signature":"03099b8f79ef7f5930aaef68b5fae3091dbb4f82065d375fa6529f168dea1c9209446ef56deb587c30e8f9698d23730b126f47a9ae3911f82ab19bb01ac38eeb599600adce0c4db2d031a6085c2a7afce27a1d574ca86518e979406225966ec7c7376a8321088e41eaddd9573f1d7749872a16065ea6386a2212a35119837eb6","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"7e93ebfb7cc64e59ea4b9a77d406fc3b","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"d0785ad36e427c92b19f6826ab1e8020","SHA1":"365b7a9c21bd9373e49052c3e7b3e4646ddd4d43","SHA256":"c2abb7484da91a658548de089d52436175fdb760a1387d225611dc0613a1e2ff","SHA384":"eab4fe5ef90e0de4a6aa3a27769a5e879f588df5e4785aa4104debd1f81e19ea56d33e3a16e5facf99f68b5d8e3d287b"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=Symantec Corporation, CN=Symantec Time Stamping Services Signer , G4","ValidFrom":"2012-10-18 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-12-29 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"0ecff438c8febf356e04d86a981b1a50","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Intermediate","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"e9d38360b914c8863f6cba3ee58764d3","SHA1":"4cba8eae47b6bf76f20b3504b98b8f062694a89b","SHA256":"88901d86a4cc1f1bb193d08e1fb63d27452e63f83e228c657ab1a92e4ade3976","SHA384":"e9f2a75334a9e336c5a4712eadee88d0374b0fdc273262f4e65c9040ad2793067cc076696db5279a478773485e285652"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority , G5","ValidFrom":"2006-11-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2021-11-07 23:59:59","Signature":"1302ddf8e88600f25af8f8200c59886207cecef74ef9bb59a198e5e138dd4ebc6618d3adeb18f20dc96d3e4a9420c33cbabd6554c6af44b310ad2c6b3eabd707b6b88163c5f95e2ee52a67cecd330c2ad7895603231fb3bee83a0859b4ec4535f78a5bff66cf50afc66d578d1978b7b9a2d157ea1f9a4bafbac98e127ec6bdff","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"250ce8e030612e9f2b89f7054d7cf8fd","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"918d9eb6a6cd36c531eceb926170a7e1","SHA1":"0ae95700d65e6f59715aa47048993ca7858e676a","SHA256":"47c46e6eaa3780eace3d0d891346cd373359d246b21a957219dbab4c8f37c166","SHA384":"e54017c93ba52f012cc15aeb3bcbce1e90a0006ff8dca231a24fc572926770f63213343f538003407bed3463fa9c4a85"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority","ValidFrom":"2006-05-23 17:01:29","ValidTo":"2016-05-23 17:11:29","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"610c120600000000001b","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"53c41bc1164e09e0cd1617a5bf913efd","SHA1":"93c03aac8951d494ecd5696b1c08658541b18727","SHA256":"40bddadac24dc61ca4fb5cab2a2bc5d876bc36808311039a7a3e1a4066f7489b","SHA384":"f51d4e75ba638f7314cd59b8d6d45f3b34d35ce6986e9d205cd6f333e8e8d8e9c91f636e6bc84731b6661673f40963d8"}},{"Subject":"C=US, ST=Newyork, L=Chestnut Ridge, O=LeCroy Corp, OU=Digital ID Class 3 , Microsoft Software Validation v2, CN=LeCroy Corp","ValidFrom":"2010-12-07 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2014-01-08 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"2b59cdf0d870d3e68ef9ce3f7624ac55","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"7fef695497d9a49bbbbf3997ba837c72","SHA1":"4a17d2ee46af0f34b981967fdcd1a3a6ca4e9b28","SHA256":"4fff4db33a49fa43e5b0aa548946283de8b8226fc14e18993060d5731f77f8ab","SHA384":"4c07cd0e836a6a10f2de14883a6fc870bdfd0c1b0fdd78618a3f57ff45c459c43824ff304679f95dd7506ef9d23f2cb3"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","ValidFrom":"2010-02-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-02-07 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"5200e5aa2556fc1a86ed96c9d44b33c7","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"b30c31a572b0409383ed3fbe17e56e81","SHA1":"4843a82ed3b1f2bfbee9671960e1940c942f688d","SHA256":"03cda47a6e654ed85d932714fc09ce4874600eda29ec6628cfbaeb155cab78c9","SHA384":"bbda8407c4f9fc4e54d772f1c7fb9d30bc97e1f97ecd51c443063d1fa0644e266328781776cd5c44896c457c75f4d7da"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"2b59cdf0d870d3e68ef9ce3f7624ac55","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","Version":1}]}],"LoadsDespiteHVCI":"FALSE","Imphash":"1dfb4aa99d5e3cf0fa035bedef447fc8"}]}