{"DetectionScope":"context-only","ResearchEvidence":{"Id":"f2032ff3-9c67-4d48-981b-2479babb153d","Tags":["ZYArKit.sys"],"Verified":"TRUE","Author":"Michael Haag","Created":"2026-06-16","MitreID":"T1562.001","Category":"vulnerable driver","Commands":{"Command":"sc.exe create ZYArKit binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\ZYArKit.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start ZYArKit","Description":"V-secure ZYArKit.sys version 2.0.13.5 is a signed kernel driver assessed in public KOSEC BYOVD research. KOSEC documents an IOCTL path that references a user-supplied process handle and reaches ZwTerminateProcess, allowing administrator-context termination of non-protected processes from kernel mode.","Usecase":"Terminate non-protected processes from kernel mode through a vulnerable IOCTL path.","Privileges":"kernel","OperatingSystem":"Windows 10, Windows 11"},"Resources":["https://github.com/KOSEC-LLC/BYOVD-Research/tree/main/V-secure"],"Detection":[],"Acknowledgement":{"Person":"KOSEC LLC","Handle":""},"KnownVulnerableSamples":[{"Filename":"ZYArKit.sys","SHA256":"46883bc25c77678f60c1b836f4c438d87158c9af6b229f533522f635a0d5276e","MD5":"d751a1ebc49ecd3ce75ef683878057db","SHA1":"8887fc3afcdf48721312d8df9865c6c8234b8614","Imphash":"5bbe6d6461f110de7875f60c2e2b9511","Authentihash":{"MD5":"945f387dcd4b0ecaa664a26a0049816b","SHA1":"a985c374508122eccdf5b056681763336913458a","SHA256":"185a44e928571d883a1175945d273b493da07fe4b49c52e88eb336980c855152"},"RichPEHeaderHash":{"MD5":"89b249bd0f90eba4f88205a1a6f7b620","SHA1":"7bae40775f910818ba031b62e7ee96aa06cb6827","SHA256":"70825a8fed1e79ceed8927f7879441392b9de286b28bd95f7baf43b147af9687"},"Sections":{".text":{"Entropy":6.138955863698789,"Virtual Size":"0xbec3"},".rdata":{"Entropy":4.541099044082324,"Virtual Size":"0x1c3c"},".data":{"Entropy":1.8827695464703198,"Virtual Size":"0x1310"},".pdata":{"Entropy":4.710700049231903,"Virtual Size":"0x6cc"},"PAGE":{"Entropy":6.2391374059922775,"Virtual Size":"0x1a47"},"INIT":{"Entropy":5.23215718189046,"Virtual Size":"0x104a"},".rsrc":{"Entropy":3.2036906421267477,"Virtual Size":"0x2e0"},".reloc":{"Entropy":2.4971842295015922,"Virtual Size":"0x14a"}},"MagicHeader":"50 45 0 0","CreationTimestamp":"2017-01-11 22:35:25","Description":"ZyArKit","Company":" ","InternalName":"ZYArKit","OriginalFilename":"ZYArKit","FileVersion":"2.0.13.5","Product":" ","ProductVersion":"2.0.13.5","Copyright":" ","MachineType":"AMD64","Imports":["ntoskrnl.exe","FLTMGR.SYS"],"ExportedFunctions":"","ImportedFunctions":["IoCreateSymbolicLink","MmIsAddressValid","KdDisableDebugger","CmUnRegisterCallback","DbgPrint","ProbeForRead","ExGetPreviousMode","ProbeForWrite","RtlUnicodeStringToAnsiString","IoIs32bitProcess","IofCompleteRequest","RtlFreeAnsiString","KeBugCheckEx","ExAllocatePoolWithTag","ZwCreateKey","RtlQueryRegistryValues","ZwSetValueKey","ZwClose","ExDeleteResourceLite","ExInitializeResourceLite","KeReadStateEvent","_wcsnicmp","MmGetSystemRoutineAddress","IoCreateFile","IoCancelIrp","KeDelayExecutionThread","RtlFreeUnicodeString","ObQueryNameString","IoFileObjectType","ZwQueryValueKey","ObReferenceObjectByHandle","KeWaitForSingleObject","ZwDuplicateObject","PsGetVersion","RtlCompareUnicodeString","ZwOpenProcess","ZwQueryInformationProcess","ObfReferenceObject","RtlCopyUnicodeString","ObfDereferenceObject","ZwOpenKey","ZwReadFile","ZwQueryInformationFile","IoFreeWorkItem","ZwCreateFile","IoAllocateWorkItem","RtlCompareMemory","IoQueueWorkItem","ZwWriteFile","ZwQueryObject","ObOpenObjectByPointer","KeClearEvent","IoGetCurrentProcess","IoEnqueueIrp","ObInsertObject","ZwUnmapViewOfSection","ExEventObjectType","MmCreateSection","MmMapViewOfSection","MmProbeAndLockPages","IoAllocateIrp","ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag","IoAllocateMdl","IofCallDriver","ZwSetInformationFile","IoGetBaseFileSystemDeviceObject","PsLookupProcessByProcessId","KeInitializeEvent","NtClose","ZwDeleteFile","PsGetCurrentProcessId","ZwSetInformationObject","ObOpenObjectByName","SeCreateAccessState","IoGetFileObjectGenericMapping","ObCreateObject","IoFreeIrp","RtlEqualUnicodeString","IoFreeMdl","PsProcessType","SeSinglePrivilegeCheck","SeDeleteAccessState","PsLookupProcessThreadByCid","ZwTerminateProcess","wcschr","ZwDeleteValueKey","ZwEnumerateValueKey","ZwDeleteKey","ZwEnumerateKey","IoCreateDevice","ZwSetSecurityObject","IoDeviceObjectType","_snwprintf","RtlLengthSecurityDescriptor","SeCaptureSecurityDescriptor","RtlCreateSecurityDescriptor","RtlSetDaclSecurityDescriptor","RtlAbsoluteToSelfRelativeSD","IoIsWdmVersionAvailable","SeExports","RtlLengthSid","RtlAddAccessAllowedAce","RtlGetSaclSecurityDescriptor","RtlGetDaclSecurityDescriptor","RtlGetGroupSecurityDescriptor","RtlGetOwnerSecurityDescriptor","IoDeleteDevice","RtlInitUnicodeString","CmRegisterCallbackEx","PsGetProcessImageFileName","IoRegisterShutdownNotification","ExFreePoolWithTag","IoDeleteSymbolicLink","KeSetEvent","ExInitializeNPagedLookasideList","ExpInterlockedPushEntrySList","ExpInterlockedPopEntrySList","ExQueryDepthSList","ExDeleteNPagedLookasideList","KeUnstackDetachProcess","KeStackAttachProcess","_stricmp","__C_specific_handler","__chkstk","FltAcquireResourceShared","FltReleaseFileNameInformation","FltGetFileNameInformation","FltStartFiltering","FltRegisterFilter","FltAcquireResourceExclusive","FltUnregisterFilter","FltReleaseResource"],"Signatures":[{"CertificatesInfo":"","SignerInfo":"","Certificates":[{"Subject":"C=BE, O=GlobalSign nv,sa, CN=GlobalSign Timestamping CA , G2","ValidFrom":"2011-04-13 10:00:00","ValidTo":"2028-01-28 12:00:00","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"0400000000012f4ee152d7","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"e140543fe3256027cfa79fc3c19c1776","SHA1":"c655f94eb1ecc93de319fc0c9a2dc6c5ec063728","SHA256":"3ca71e85908ff67368e4dc00253f5691b9e6d50c966e7784143d75fb92aa3448","SHA384":"d9d366f9328f2b55ee19a32cc5fd5148b81d764282fe5dc196c872ae249caa51d2c212ef39f33945dfe0cda81925e326"}},{"Subject":"C=SG, O=GMO GlobalSign Pte Ltd, CN=GlobalSign TSA for MS Authenticode , G2","ValidFrom":"2016-05-24 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2027-06-24 00:00:00","Signature":"8fa91a916d04a637200e8396de23d36b6e1f6edd643d682122b5f84736698ee1a545c724a222b72909cc545aaec6bccd638eb33d5048e5b4ccaecd928d9e288b134a11aabda3efd3b236fcb4a172bf6d9763798c44bc702f7ef3bcdd8253ab1af6ebfa1c97bcb6379ca41c30bcabbc2d4736df922003e871c658f675059a34f00b595a824434aa80e42f84f6475d96c9b6caca9db7a6bae450d3d437b8ba200ed0d3922a5bc459bba16ddb3cce449dc1382aade38dbdcd09771a10be670a02366488b9b31b26eee79e60c446a8bc61336ccf4eb99cb96af09f37feb53d4f9ad34dffde208e4e97a6fd9f09bc4dca1876c9b04d8550f280d21d06f5580407b118","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"1121d699a764973ef1f8427ee919cc534114","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Intermediate","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"acb5170547d76873f1e4ff18ed5de2eb","SHA1":"bd6e261e75b807381bada7287de04d259258a5fa","SHA256":"4783380498acf592286ef2dea0fcc5bdea3f54d5e374d3e3497df9d5f662cfb6","SHA384":"4f428f115cf3d008248f15f32007fc7c54bd454e1b48b765776b4c87c23ab8818d8fbcbb3646d35eca012b025260a3b8"}},{"Subject":"C=CN, ST=Beijing, L=Beijing, O=Beijing chenxinlingchuang Information Technology CO.,Ltd., OU=Technical service department, CN=Beijing chenxinlingchuang Information Technology CO.,Ltd.","ValidFrom":"2016-08-12 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2018-08-11 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":false,"SerialNumber":"0ac82bd823c119ed8c0c3e009b97933a","Version":3,"CertificateType":"Leaf (Code Signing)","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":false,"TBS":{"MD5":"e5d1f50e123d5ed687fbc38d98836468","SHA1":"6d5f703380679c5beb95710a0c31aa2874c8cbcb","SHA256":"0f54fe5bc9548583d035c06a4d0fc3662da8523fd1e122f856fafac2a5ec957e","SHA384":"88119137627806b17a925bee2d68dea3758919aec38f4e45c5fe88ada466590ef1d34e304eb2713dc4c5626727857cb6"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. , For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority , G5","ValidFrom":"2011-02-22 19:25:17","ValidTo":"2021-02-22 19:35:17","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"611993e400000000001c","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":false,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"78a717e082dcc1cda3458d917e677d14","SHA1":"4a872e0e51f9b304469cd1dedb496ee9b8b983a4","SHA256":"317fa1d234ebc49040ebc5e8746f8997471496051b185a91bdd9dfbb23fab5f8","SHA384":"b71052da4eb9157c8c1a5d7f55df19d69b9128598b72fcca608e5b7cc7d64c43c5504b9c86355a6dc22ee40c88cc385c"}},{"Subject":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","ValidFrom":"2010-02-08 00:00:00","ValidTo":"2020-02-07 23:59:59","Signature":"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","SignatureAlgorithmOID":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5","IsCertificateAuthority":true,"SerialNumber":"5200e5aa2556fc1a86ed96c9d44b33c7","Version":3,"CertificateType":"CA","IsCodeSigning":true,"IsCA":true,"TBS":{"MD5":"b30c31a572b0409383ed3fbe17e56e81","SHA1":"4843a82ed3b1f2bfbee9671960e1940c942f688d","SHA256":"03cda47a6e654ed85d932714fc09ce4874600eda29ec6628cfbaeb155cab78c9","SHA384":"bbda8407c4f9fc4e54d772f1c7fb9d30bc97e1f97ecd51c443063d1fa0644e266328781776cd5c44896c457c75f4d7da"}}],"Signer":[{"SerialNumber":"0ac82bd823c119ed8c0c3e009b97933a","Issuer":"C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Code Signing 2010 CA","Version":1}]}]}]}}